. A manual of educational legislation for the guidance of committees on education in the state legislatures . North and West, and generally preceded schoollegislation. It began as a necessity on the edge of the New Englandwilderness long ago and was later continued for much the samereasons in the westward march into the interior of the continent.The town (township) system for school purposes was origmated inNew England and prevailed from the very beginning in all organizedtowns. County organization originated in the South. Here planta-tion life prevailed, agricultural areas were large, with a
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. A manual of educational legislation for the guidance of committees on education in the state legislatures . North and West, and generally preceded schoollegislation. It began as a necessity on the edge of the New Englandwilderness long ago and was later continued for much the samereasons in the westward march into the interior of the continent.The town (township) system for school purposes was origmated inNew England and prevailed from the very beginning in all organizedtowns. County organization originated in the South. Here planta-tion life prevailed, agricultural areas were large, with a widelyscattered population and little village life. This caUed for a largerunit of organization for* civil pm-poses wliich was supplied by the 14 MANUAL OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION. old English county. The latter also began the unit for school pur-poses. The following map shows graphically the different units ofschool organization in use throughout the country. THE DISTRICT UNIT. The term district unit is used to mean a small geographical areaserved by a single school and occasionally two or more schools.. h- IxJ i - < N ^ z I g -d a: ^ u — ISO .2 •3 a ^ .2 under one board of education. This board has general charge ofthe local school, including care of the school premises, choice ofteachers, the right to ^x the teachers salaries, and establishment ofthe policy which shall govern the work of the schools. The board GENERAL ANALYSIS OF SCHOOL ORGANIZATION. 15 is amenable to the annual school meeting which elects its members, votes the taxation—except States without local taxation—deter-mines the length of school year, etc. TTie small district, which has he en considered more democratic thanthe other forms, is heginning to decline in every section of the countryfor the ohvious reason that it was organized as a pioneer system at atime when it was the only feasible plan. But with the passing of pioneerconditions and the development of modern industrial life, a larger andmor