. Bulletin (Pennsylvania Department of Forestry), no. 11. Forests and forestry. 126 AMERICAN HORNBEAM Carpinus caroliniana, Walter native to Europe, while moet are louad In northern and central A.la. ^^. .n.11 tree or *n.b -n..^ -^^^:^^ J ^^^^^ '^.^ '^^^'ir^.^^l".^^. Sra^l.-lllTnr.'^Me.rpr.LI la^Cd"to"lX"- with too.. a-cenOln, branCe. often pendulous towards the end. BAEK-Vertically oomigated. smooth, thin, close-flttlng. bluish-gray tinged with brown. See Fig. 114. TWIGS-Slender. at first silky, hairy and green, later smooth, shining, reddish to orange; covered with scatte
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. Bulletin (Pennsylvania Department of Forestry), no. 11. Forests and forestry. 126 AMERICAN HORNBEAM Carpinus caroliniana, Walter native to Europe, while moet are louad In northern and central A.la. ^^. .n.11 tree or *n.b -n..^ -^^^:^^ J ^^^^^ '^.^ '^^^'ir^.^^l".^^. Sra^l.-lllTnr.'^Me.rpr.LI la^Cd"to"lX"- with too.. a-cenOln, branCe. often pendulous towards the end. BAEK-Vertically oomigated. smooth, thin, close-flttlng. bluish-gray tinged with brown. See Fig. 114. TWIGS-Slender. at first silky, hairy and green, later smooth, shining, reddish to orange; covered with scattered pale lentlcels. broT ^tr ^::;^h^r Viir:^^^^^^ ^"tr r r %r'tt MsTtowaMs the apex, are longltudinally-strlate and often dilate on margins. LEAVEB-Altemate. simple, ovate-oblong, acute at apex, doubly-serrate on margin, rounded or wedge-shaped at base. 2-4 inches long, deep green above, paler below. LEAF-SOAES-Altemate. small, elevated, elliptical, with generally 3 Inconspicuous bundle- scars. ITLOWER^Appear about April with the leaves. Stamlnate start ^.^^'^^^^^J'^'^yZl remain over winter in the form of buds ^^'^J^:t'^^'^'^^'-''lfj^^^^ ap^irTs ai^nts. fully developed they are drooping aments about 1| Inches long. Pistillate appear about i of an Inch long, with bright scarlet styles. FRXHT-A small corrugated nut about i of an inch long Inclosed by a leaMike. 3-lobed bract which is usually serrate only on one margin of middle lobe. WOOD-Dlffuse-porous; rays conspicuous and broad along -hortja^; ^^^J^JJ' t^tJ^7£i light brown, with broad sapwood. Weighs about 45 lbs. per cubic foot. Used for fuel, tool handles, and levers. DISTDfainSHIlIG CHARACTEEISTICS—The American Hornbeam, also *^"0^^ " *^® J?i^® Be^ch™on^Xlnd Wer Beech, may be distinguished by its vertical. ^--^^^If'Jl^^^'^^ smooth bark The leaf-like 3-lobed bract with its corrugated nut is also characteristic. The r^Le'c^tkins re^n In the bud during the winter, while those of *»- Amer^an Hop H^^^^^