. Dry-land olive culture in northern Africa . soil that has sidered advisable, however, not to plow deeper than 10 inches, to avoidinjury to the roots of the trees. In addition, the maacha is passedover the land, especially after a rain in winter, as often as is neces-sary to keep down the weeds and restore the mulch. At least threecultivations a year with the maacha are considered essential. Thenatives as a rule do all their cultivating with the maacha, using theplow only in preparing the land for seeding to grain. It is customary during the winter to keep around each tree a shal-low basin of
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. Dry-land olive culture in northern Africa . soil that has sidered advisable, however, not to plow deeper than 10 inches, to avoidinjury to the roots of the trees. In addition, the maacha is passedover the land, especially after a rain in winter, as often as is neces-sary to keep down the weeds and restore the mulch. At least threecultivations a year with the maacha are considered essential. Thenatives as a rule do all their cultivating with the maacha, using theplow only in preparing the land for seeding to grain. It is customary during the winter to keep around each tree a shal-low basin of the depth reached by the Arab plow. This is at firstsimply the nearly filled up hole in which the tree was planted, but isextended as the tree increases in size, so as to be always a little greaterin diameter than its spread of foliage. In summer the ground is cultivated up to the bases of the trees, buteach autumn the surface of the basins is j:>acked down and madesmooth, so as to facilitate gathering the fruit that drops to the ground. been trampled down in the proc-esses of harvesting and prun-ing. The second plowing shouldtake place in spring, after thetrees have blossomed, and thethird in August or September.Maity growers, however, omitthe plowing in summer, and onsome large plantations only asingle plowing is given, soonafter the harvest is finished. Amarked benefit results if the Fig. 5.—The maaclia, the tool used by the Arabs soil is stirred to a greater depth