. Fresh-water biology. Freshwater biology. THE WATER-MITES (HYDRACARINA) 8SS short free existence becomes a parasite either on an aquatic insect which remains habitually in the water or on one which leaves the water and becomes aerial. Other species place the eggs singly in the tissues of fresh water mussels, or in masses between the gills,. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Ward, Henry Baldwin, 1865-1945; Whi

. Fresh-water biology. Freshwater biology. THE WATER-MITES (HYDRACARINA) 8SS short free existence becomes a parasite either on an aquatic insect which remains habitually in the water or on one which leaves the water and becomes aerial. Other species place the eggs singly in the tissues of fresh water mussels, or in masses between the gills,. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Ward, Henry Baldwin, 1865-1945; Whi Stock Photo

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. Fresh-water biology. Freshwater biology. THE WATER-MITES (HYDRACARINA) 8SS short free existence becomes a parasite either on an aquatic insect which remains habitually in the water or on one which leaves the water and becomes aerial. Other species place the eggs singly in the tissues of fresh water mussels, or in masses between the gills, . Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Ward, Henry Baldwin, 1865-1945; Whipple, George Chandler, 1866-1924. joint author. New York, John Wiley & sons, inc. ; [etc. , etc. ]

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RMRDA355–. Fresh-water biology. Freshwater biology. THE WATER-MITES (HYDRACARINA) 859 general resemblance between them is close. But the characters also seem to be very constant and few species are subject to marked variation. The accompanying synopsis will aid in placing speci- mens in the proper genus. The statements as to the numbers of species refer to North America only. The legs and the corresponding epimera are designated by Roman numerals, beginning with the most anterior, and the palpal and leg segments are referred to by Arabic numerals, numbering from the base outward. Thus, ep. Ill is the t

RMPFYPD3–. Fresh-water biology. Freshwater biology. THE WATER-MITES (HYDRACARINA) 859 general resemblance between them is close. But the characters also seem to be very constant and few species are subject to marked variation. The accompanying synopsis will aid in placing speci- mens in the proper genus. The statements as to the numbers of species refer to North America only. The legs and the corresponding epimera are designated by Roman numerals, beginning with the most anterior, and the palpal and leg segments are referred to by Arabic numerals, numbering from the base outward. Thus, ep. Ill is the t

RMRDA363–. Fresh-water biology. Freshwater biology. THE WATER-MITES (HYDRACARINA) 853 or laterally, and in the males of certain species of Arrhenurus pro- longed posteriorly into a curious handle-like appendage. The form is more definite in the higher forms than in those which seem most primitive. The skin in some forms is soft and the surface smooth, but more usually it is marked by fine striae like the lines on the palm of the hand, and in the lower forms it is often granulated or papillated. Other species possess chitinous plates, which may be few and small or larger and more numerous, and may even

RMPFYPDY–. Fresh-water biology. Freshwater biology. THE WATER-MITES (HYDRACARINA) 853 or laterally, and in the males of certain species of Arrhenurus pro- longed posteriorly into a curious handle-like appendage. The form is more definite in the higher forms than in those which seem most primitive. The skin in some forms is soft and the surface smooth, but more usually it is marked by fine striae like the lines on the palm of the hand, and in the lower forms it is often granulated or papillated. Other species possess chitinous plates, which may be few and small or larger and more numerous, and may even

RMRDA357–. Fresh-water biology. Freshwater biology. Fig. 13 21. Figures showing the ventral surface of the body of the nymphs of several genera ol water-mites. (Appendages are similar to those of the adult and not shown here; compare with figures of adults on succeeding pages.) a, Arrhenurus; b, Limnesia; c, Sperchon; d, Hygrobales; e, Fiona; /, Leberlia. (Modified from Piersig.) •distinguish the adult. During this nymph stage the mite is not usually parasitic except in the case of the mussel parasites. How- ever, Unionicola crassipes has been found by Soar, in all stages, in the fresh-water sponge, an

RMPFYPCY–. Fresh-water biology. Freshwater biology. Fig. 13 21. Figures showing the ventral surface of the body of the nymphs of several genera ol water-mites. (Appendages are similar to those of the adult and not shown here; compare with figures of adults on succeeding pages.) a, Arrhenurus; b, Limnesia; c, Sperchon; d, Hygrobales; e, Fiona; /, Leberlia. (Modified from Piersig.) •distinguish the adult. During this nymph stage the mite is not usually parasitic except in the case of the mussel parasites. How- ever, Unionicola crassipes has been found by Soar, in all stages, in the fresh-water sponge, an

RMRDA32B–. Fresh-water biology. Freshwater biology. A mite varying from small to large in size, or from o-s to 2 mm. in length, with oval body, surface striate, sometimes papillose, and even developing a chitinous meshwork; two eyes on each side separate. Handsome mites with bright red spots, very active, and among the most powerful and voracious of all. Ten North American species; generally distributed and found under very varied con- ditions. Fig. 1345. Limnesia histrionica (Hermann), the most widely distributed North American spe- cies, also found throughout Europe. Ventral sur- face, female. X 16.

RMRDA34X–. Fresh-water biology. Freshwater biology. THE WATER-MITES (HYDRACARINA) 86l to (ii) Lateral eyes of each side separate and not enclosed in a capsule. Subfamily Diplodontinae. One genus only. Diplodontus Duges 1834.. A large, brownish-red mite with body broad, soft, and surface papil- lated; capitulum forming a snout; palpi very small; legs slender, with long swimming-hairs. One cosmo- politan species, generally distributed in this country and abundant. About 2 mm. long. Fig. 1325. Diplodontus despkiens (M-iii- ler). Ventral surface, male. X 15. Outer side, palpus. X103. (Modified from Piersig

RMPFYP9Y–. Fresh-water biology. Freshwater biology. A mite varying from small to large in size, or from o-s to 2 mm. in length, with oval body, surface striate, sometimes papillose, and even developing a chitinous meshwork; two eyes on each side separate. Handsome mites with bright red spots, very active, and among the most powerful and voracious of all. Ten North American species; generally distributed and found under very varied con- ditions. Fig. 1345. Limnesia histrionica (Hermann), the most widely distributed North American spe- cies, also found throughout Europe. Ventral sur- face, female. X 16.

RMRDA33P–. Fresh-water biology. Freshwater biology. THE WATER-MITES (HYDRACARINA) 86s 29 (28) Genital cleft flanked by two large movable valves, and also ace- tabula set free in the body surface. Koenikea Wolcott 1900.. A beautiful mite of striking form, being greatly compressed and actualiji concave dorsally; with swimming- hairs. Brightly and variously colored. One widely-distributed species, K. concava Wolcott, adapting itself to varied conditions, and often common. Of small size measuring 0.6 to 0.7 mm. in length. Fig. 1334. Koenikea concava Wolcott. Epimeral field and genital area, male. X 65. Inn

RMPFYP9K–. Fresh-water biology. Freshwater biology. THE WATER-MITES (HYDRACARINA) 54 (6i) Posterior margin of ep. IV rounded or transverse . 871 SS 55 (58) With swimming-hairs 56 56 (57) Transverse diameter of ep. IV the greater, suture between epp. Ill and IV complete; no prominent papillae on pal. seg. 4, acetabula very numerous Neumania Lebert 1879.. Mites of small to medium size, varying in length from 0.5 to i .6 mm., with soft body, tending more or less to develop chitinous plates or beset with chitinous points, rarely smooth; leg IV usually with feathered spines. Brightly colored, red or bluish

RMRDA32T–. Fresh-water biology. Freshwater biology. THE WATER-MITES (HYDRACARINA) 869 46 (53) Genital area usually lying far forwards, at least between epp. IV, and the epimeral groups often separated by a considerable interval, no ancoral process on the maxillary shield. Subfamily Sperchoninae . 47 47 (52) Genital acetabula borne on a plate, no flaps present 48 48 (49) Acetabula numerous Limnesiopsis Piersig 1897.. A large hydrachnid, about 2 mm. in length, with the surface of the body beset with sharp points. One species, L. anomala (Koenike), described from Canada, and generally distributed in north