. The earth and its inhabitants ... Geography. 368 MEXICO, CENTRAL A]SIEEICA, WEST INDIES. The negroes imported to replace the exterminated natives increased very slowly, so that the losses on the plantations had to be incessantly repaired by fresh consignments. Even in the middle of the present century, despite the con- ventions signed with Great Britain, despite the laws interdicting the purchase of blacks under the severest penalties, from 30 to 50 shiploads of bozales, or " raw negroes," continued to be yearly smuggled into the island. The total number thus introduced since the o
![. The earth and its inhabitants ... Geography. 368 MEXICO, CENTRAL A]SIEEICA, WEST INDIES. The negroes imported to replace the exterminated natives increased very slowly, so that the losses on the plantations had to be incessantly repaired by fresh consignments. Even in the middle of the present century, despite the con- ventions signed with Great Britain, despite the laws interdicting the purchase of blacks under the severest penalties, from 30 to 50 shiploads of bozales, or " raw negroes," continued to be yearly smuggled into the island. The total number thus introduced since the o Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RE77BG/the-earth-and-its-inhabitants-geography-368-mexico-central-a-sieeica-west-indies-the-negroes-imported-to-replace-the-exterminated-natives-increased-very-slowly-so-that-the-losses-on-the-plantations-had-to-be-incessantly-repaired-by-fresh-consignments-even-in-the-middle-of-the-present-century-despite-the-con-ventions-signed-with-great-britain-despite-the-laws-interdicting-the-purchase-of-blacks-under-the-severest-penalties-from-30-to-50-shiploads-of-bozales-or-quot-raw-negroesquot-continued-to-be-yearly-smuggled-into-the-island-the-total-number-thus-introduced-since-the-o-RE77BG.jpg)
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. The earth and its inhabitants ... Geography. 368 MEXICO, CENTRAL A]SIEEICA, WEST INDIES. The negroes imported to replace the exterminated natives increased very slowly, so that the losses on the plantations had to be incessantly repaired by fresh consignments. Even in the middle of the present century, despite the con- ventions signed with Great Britain, despite the laws interdicting the purchase of blacks under the severest penalties, from 30 to 50 shiploads of bozales, or " raw negroes, " continued to be yearly smuggled into the island. The total number thus introduced since the official abolition of the traffic iu 1820 is estimated at about 500, 000. This was actually more than the number openly imported during the 300 previous years (1521—1821), which was estimated by Humboldt at 4l 3, 500 and by Zaragoza at no more than 372, 000. The black population did not begin to increase spontaneously till about the close of the last century. Its growth, however, was then so rapid that in 1817 Fig. 174.--Political Divisions of Cuba befoee the Spanish Conquest. Scale 1 : 12, 000, 000. 1. Quanahncabibes. 6. Macorijes. 11. Magon. 2. Guanipfuauico. 7. Cubananan. 12. Omofai. 3. Marien. 8. Haiiamana. 13. Camaguei. 4. Habana. 9. Jagua. 14. Guaimaros. 5 Sabana 10. Guarauhaya. 15. Cayaguayo. 16. Boyuca. 17. Cueibi. 18. Maniabon. 19. Bani. 21. Bayamo. 22. Maiye. 23. Maguanes. 24. Guai-Maya. 20. Guaoanayabo. 25. Barajagrua. 245 Miles. 26. Sagua. 27. Macaca. 28. Bavaquitiri. 29. Maisi. 30. Baracoa. the coloured already outnumbered the white population. But the definite sup- pression of the slave trade, followed by the war of secession and the abolition of slavery in the United States, led ultimately to a similar measure in Cuba. During the insurrection in the eastern districts the revolted planters themselves emancipated and armed their slaves against the Spanish troops, and the gradual extinction of slavery was officially decreed in 1880. Absolute emancipation was proclaimed