. Painting and painters' materials: a book of facts for painters and those who use or deal in paint materials . 2 3.350 Apple 0.109 3.000 Birch 0.222 3.860 Pear 0.228 3.940 White beech 0.400 6.660 Purple 0.200 5.030 Box 0.026 6.020 Cedar 0.017 i-SOo Ebony 0.010 2.130 Young oak 0.400 3.900 Old oak 0.130 3.130 Young ash 0.821 4.050 Old ash 0.187 3.840 Fir-wood 0.076 2.410 Perhaps more satisfactory measurements have beenmade in Germany by Karmarsch, which are so valua-ble that we give them also in full. The Contraction of Wood, pAmount of Shrinking of Green Wood i?t Percentages. Cross Section. Ki
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. Painting and painters' materials: a book of facts for painters and those who use or deal in paint materials . 2 3.350 Apple 0.109 3.000 Birch 0.222 3.860 Pear 0.228 3.940 White beech 0.400 6.660 Purple 0.200 5.030 Box 0.026 6.020 Cedar 0.017 i-SOo Ebony 0.010 2.130 Young oak 0.400 3.900 Old oak 0.130 3.130 Young ash 0.821 4.050 Old ash 0.187 3.840 Fir-wood 0.076 2.410 Perhaps more satisfactory measurements have beenmade in Germany by Karmarsch, which are so valua-ble that we give them also in full. The Contraction of Wood, pAmount of Shrinking of Green Wood i?t Percentages. Cross Section. Kind of Wood. In length.* Directly In directiont through, f of yearly rings. 0.062 to 0.200 ... 2.0 to 5.4 4.13 to 7.3 2.228 2.9 to 3.94 5.5 to 12.7 0.20 to 0.34 2.3 to 6.0 5.0 to 10.4 0.028 to0.435 I.I to 7.5 2.5 to 10.6 0.187 too.821 0.5 to 7.8 2.6 to II.8 0.076 I.I to 2.8 2.0 to 7.3 0.008 to 0.201 0.6 to 3.8 2.0 to 6.8 0.013 too.288 0.3 to 7.3 1.4 to 7.1 0. no 1.09 1.79 0.223 2.6 to 8.2 4.0 to 17.6 0.068 to0.62 1.2 to 4.2 2.8 to 9.8 0.086 tOO.I22 1.7 to 4.82 4.1 to 8.13 0.014 to 0.63 1.2 to 4.6 2.7 to 8.5. * In line a to a. About i-io of i per cent. + In line of layers marked c. About 5 per cent, $ In line of z to /. About 10 per cent. lo Paifiting and Painter s Materials. It will be seen that the expansion of wood due tomoisture is from 5 times (in young ash) to 213 times(in ebony) greater in its breadth than in its length.One would naturally expect, therefore, to find cracksin paint and varnish parting as the fibres of the woodpart—namely, parallel with its grain. The facts are that those cracks, extending with thegrain, are much less numerous and of less importancethan those extending across the grain. Within thehouse, or car, nearly all cracks run at right angles tothe grain of the wood. Out of doors, except withvery green wood or very poor materials, cracks ofmuch consequence do not appear in the wood untilthis has become dry and shrunken, and has expandedagain in some